ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: When the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body, decompensated heart failure, or DHF, develops. Comorbidities, also known as co-morbid disorders, are common in DHF patients and may make therapy and recovery more difficult. The purpose of the research is to determine how comorbidities differ depending on a patient’s gender and prognosis in decompensated heart failure (DHF).
METHODS: From November 2020 to December 2022, the cardiology department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore, performed comparative analytical research using both the OPD and Hospital Emergency. 252 individuals with decompensated heart failure (DHF) participated in the trial. The participants in this study were chosen by a sequential sampling process. Using a self-administered structured questionnaire, information on sociodemographic traits, comorbidities, and health outcomes was collected. The analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 26. Comorbidities depending on gender and result were compared using the chi-square test and Fisher’s Exact test. The Fisher’s Exact test confirmed the link between health and comorbidities outcomes.  To validate the connection between family history and comorbidity, the Chi-square test was used. The Fisher’s Exact test was used to examine the statistical relationship between smoking and comorbidity. The significance level was set at p 0.05.
RESULTS: Overall, there were 252 patients with heart failure, 147 of whom were males and 105 of whom were women. The study subjects were 56.34±15.9 years old on average. The majority (48.4%) of our patients with heart failure were between the ages of 51 and 70. It was discovered that gender-based differences in all comorbid states were statistically negligible. A total of 207 patients had a variety of comorbidities, and of them, 74 (35.7%) had three or more. 103 individuals (49.7%) had ischemic heart disease; it was revealed. Diabetes was shown to have a statistically significant connection (p-value < 0.05) with death in individuals with heart failure. However, there is no statistically significant correlation between the incidence of comorbid conditions and a family history of heart failure (p-value > 0.50).
CONCLUSION: Patients with heart failure who also have diabetes are more likely to have negative health consequences, thus they need to be closely watched. To prevent serious health repercussions, lifestyle variables should also be taken into account.
KEYWORDS: decompensated heart failure, comorbidities, heart failure