ABSTRACT
Background: Dental anxiety and phobia are prevalent issues affecting a substantial portion of the global population. This psychological distress associated with dental care can lead to avoidance of necessary dental treatments, resulting in oral health deterioration. Understanding the prevalence, causes, and effective management strategies for dental anxiety and phobia is crucial to improve oral healthcare and overall well-being.
Aim: The primary aim of this study is to comprehensively examine the prevalence of dental anxiety and phobia, identify their underlying causes, and explore evidence-based strategies for effectively managing and alleviating these conditions. This research contributes to the development of a holistic approach to dental care that prioritizes patient comfort and accessibility to essential treatments.
Methods: A systematic review of relevant literature was conducted, encompassing studies published from February 2023 to February 2024. Databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were systematically searched using predefined keywords. Inclusion criteria focused on studies examining the prevalence and causes of dental anxiety and phobia, as well as interventions and strategies for their management. Quality assessments were carried out, and data were synthesized to provide a comprehensive overview.
Results: The review revealed that dental anxiety and phobia affect a significant proportion of the population, with prevalence rates ranging from 5% to 20%. A multitude of factors contribute to these conditions, including past negative experiences, fear of pain, and perceived loss of control. Management strategies include behavioral therapies, pharmacological interventions, and the implementation of patient-centered approaches in dental practice. Evidence suggests that a combination of these strategies yields the best results in reducing dental anxiety and improving oral healthcare outcomes.
Conclusion: Dental anxiety and phobia remain significant barriers to accessing dental care, potentially leading to oral health disparities. This study underscores the importance of recognizing the prevalence and causes of these conditions and advocates for the implementation of multidisciplinary strategies to manage and alleviate dental anxiety and phobia effectively. By prioritizing patient comfort and tailoring treatments to individual needs, dental practitioners can contribute to improved oral health outcomes and overall well-being.
Keywords: Dental anxiety, dental phobia, prevalence, causes, management strategies, oral healthcare, patient-centered care, systematic review, behavioral therapies, pharmacological interventions.