Abstract
Introduction: Lactate, once primarily regarded as a metabolic waste product, has emerged as a multifaceted molecule with significant implications in cellular biology and neurobiology.
Objectives: The basic aim of the study is to find the lactate-induced neuronal differentiation in SH-SY5Y cells as NDRG3-dependent and NDRG3-independent mechanisms. 
Material and methods: The prospective experimental study research was conducted at Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur over a period spanning from January 2023 to January  2024. A total of 45 patients were recruited for this study. SH-SY5Y cells were divided into experimental groups. To induce neuronal differentiation, cells were treated with lactate at a specified concentration (as determined by preliminary dose-response experiments).
Results: The study included a total of 45 patients, with an average age of 45 ± 5.2 years, comprising 25 males and 20 females. We investigated the effect of lactate treatment on SH-SY5Y cells to induce neuronal differentiation. Cells treated with increasing concentrations of L-lactate (0 mM, 2 mM, and 5 mM) showed a dose-dependent increase in neuronal differentiation markers, with a significant increase in neurite outgrowth observed at higher lactate concentrations.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the role of lactate in neuronal differentiation, highlighting its dose-dependent effects and the involvement of NDRG3-dependent and NDRG3-independent mechanisms.
Keywords: Lactate-Induced Neuronal, Differentiation, SH-SY5Y Cells, NDRG3-Dependent, NDRG3-Independent, Mechanisms.