Abstract
Retinoblastoma is an uncommon kind of cancer that is difficult to diagnose and cure because of factors such as alterations in tumour-suppressor genes and a lack of focused, effective, and cost-efficient treatments. Because of its potential for binding to the overexpressed retinoblastoma gene and delivering anticancer drugs in a targeted and regulated fashion, nanotechnology has revolutionized the medical field and opened up new avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of this deadly malignancy. Significant advancements have been achieved in the treatment of retinoblastoma as a result of the use of nanotechnology. These contributions have shown themselves as surface-tailored multi-functionalized nanocarriers, nanocarriers based on lipids, nanocarriers ligands for overexpressed receptors, and metallic nanocarriers, among other forms. It has been shown that every one of these nanocarriers is effective. These nanocarriers seem to be state-of-the-art in the reduction of a broad variety of malignant retinoblastoma. This is accomplished by targeted distribution at a particular area, which ultimately leads to programmed death in cancer cells. This is performed by concentrating delivery efforts to a specific location. Despite the growing importance of nanomedicine in cancer treatment, there has been less discussion of the efficacy of these nanoplatforms in identifying and treating ophthalmic malignancies like retinoblastoma. Recent advances and potential future directions for nanotechnology-based intraocular medication delivery and diagnostic systems were discussed in this paper.
Keywords: cancer, retinoblastoma, nanoparticles, tumour