ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Cardiac disease during pregnancy presents significant risks to both maternal and fetal health, especially in resource-limited settings. The prevalence of cardiac disease in pregnancy is increasing, and its management poses challenges in terms of early diagnosis, monitoring, and intervention. This study aims to explore the maternal and fetal outcomes associated with cardiac disease in pregnant women, with a focus on identifying predictors of adverse outcomes. Methodology:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the MCH Unit II, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, from January 2023 to December 2024, including 85 pregnant women with cardiac disease. The study used non-probability convenience sampling and collected data on maternal and fetal outcomes, such as heart failure, arrhythmia, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm birth. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 and Microsoft Excel 365, with Chi-square tests and ANOVA applied to assess associations and predictors of adverse outcomes.
Results:
Among the 85 participants, the most common maternal complications were heart failure (32%) and arrhythmias (25%). Fetal complications included intrauterine growth restriction (20%) and preterm birth (18%). A significant association was observed between the severity of cardiac disease and adverse outcomes, including maternal intensive care unit admissions and fetal mortality. Multivariate analysis identified key predictors of poor outcomes, including pre- existing cardiac conditions and late diagnosis.
Discussion:
The study highlights the high-risk nature of cardiac disease in pregnancy, with significant maternal and fetal morbidity. Early diagnosis and continuous monitoring are crucial in managing such pregnancies. The findings underscore the need for multidisciplinary collaboration in providing optimal care.
Conclusion:
This study emphasizes the importance of early detection and targeted interventions for pregnant women with cardiac disease. It offers valuable insights to guide clinical practice, improve maternal and fetal outcomes, and inform healthcare policies in resource-limited settings.