VOLUME 27 ISSUES 2 | 2024

Comparative Analysis of SGLT-2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Agonists in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.

1Dr Adeel Aurangzeb.2Dr Umair nawaz khan, 3Dr Purwa, 4Dr Rizwan Shakoor, 5Dr fiaz Rafiq, 6Dr RAMLA IDREES

1Poonch medical college AJk.
2Azad Jammu and Kashmir Medical  college muzaffarabad.
3Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Sukkur
4Azad Jammu and Kashmir Medical College Muzaffarabad.
5Azad Jammu and Kashmir Medical college Muzaffaarbad.
6Azad Jammu and Kashmir Medical college Muzaffarabad.

Abstract 
Introduction: 
The two types of agonist receptors, like inhibitors Sodium Glucose Co-transporter-2 and Glycogen-like peptide-1 agonist receptors, are keenly associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus. This association is because of their ability to reduce the readings of HbA1C, which is glycated hemoglobin, with a low risk of developing hypoglycemic conditions, contrasting to their enhanced impact on blood pressure and body weight. This imposes their impact on nephroprotection and cardiovascular risk that emerges from the most frequent trials done for cardiovascular outcomes. This is the reason why there is a high chance that both of these mentioned chemicals have become more common; gathering and discussing more and more information is significant about their safety profile.
Area Covered: 
Some of the safety concerns and adverse effects most often emerge in trials for these two chemicals, mainly the LAR, Lixisenatide, or maybe SGLT2i, Semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide; these are mainly emphasizing dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, and SGLT2i, this was an attempt for comparing the molecule’s safety profile for these mentioned classes.
Main Outcome Measures 
Randomized control trials with multiple meta-analyses have been carried out with GRADE, this was used to certainly assess the evidence. The estimated absolute effects are included in this. The impact of 1000 patients was treated for a period of five years for those patients who are at a very low with no cardiovascular risk factors, three to four risk factors set as a low-risk factor, and moderate cardiovascular risk factors diagnosed with cardiovascular disease and the one who is at a high risk suffers from CKD and a category that is at a very high risk suffers from both chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases. This systematic review was guided by a panel that provides oversight.
Results 
The eligibility was proved for 421,346 patients those were obtained from 746 randomized control trials. All the referred results were based on the addition of GLP-1 agonist receptors and SLT-2 inhibitors to all the patients who are diagnosed with type-2 diabetes mellitus.All outcomes pertain to the incorporation of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists into current diabetes management. Both drug classes reduced all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and renal failure (high certainty evidence). Significant distinctions were identified between the two agents: SGLT-2 inhibitors decreased hospital admissions for heart failure more significantly than GLP-1 receptor agonists, while GLP-1 receptor agonists diminished the incidence of non-fatal stroke more effectively than SGLT-2 inhibitors, which had no impact. SGLT-2 inhibitors are associated with vaginal infections (high certainty), while GLP-1 receptor agonists may lead to severe gastrointestinal problems (low certainty). Evidence of poor certainty indicated that SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists may reduce body weight. Minimal to no evidence was discovered regarding the impact of SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists on limb amputation, blindness, ocular diseases, neuropathic pain, or health-related quality of life. The definitive advantages of these medications differ significantly among patients, ranging from low to very high risk of cardiovascular and renal outcomes (e.g., SGLT-2 inhibitors led to a reduction of 3 to 40 deaths per 1,000 patients over five years; refer to the interactive decision support tool (https://magicevidence.org/match-it/200820dist/#!/) for comprehensive outcomes).
Conclusion 
Anyhow, some variances may occur comparing the advantages and the disadvantages of these. The inhibitors that are SGLT-2 with the agonist receptors that are GLP-1 are supposed to improve the renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients those are suffering from T2DM. magnificent benefits are relying on the specific risk profile of the individuals that are supposed to have a significant consequence for commencing the clinical practices as this systematic study informs and recommend to BMJ rapid outcomes.
Expert Opinion 
Irrespective of the individual SGLT-2 and GLP-IRA adverse effects, they have similarly identified safety profiles and both of the mentioned chemicals are easily assessable. The mode of action of both chemicals is potentially synergistic. As suggested by the nephroprotective and cardiology benefit team, the benefit of the prescribed medications they are supposed even to have a more profound effect when used in combination.
Keywords 
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, Glycogen Peptide-1 agonist receptors, Cardiovascular diseases, Nephroprotection, Chronic Kidney Disease, Safety measures,