ABSTRACT
Background: The worldwide presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be responsible for the highest number of individuals who become sick and die each year. Scientific studies show that gut microbial activity can change various cardiovascular health elements by influencing inflammation state alongside lipids and arterial flexibility. The scientific community needs further study to identify specific pathways by which the gut microbiome affects CVD development.
Aim: Researchers conducted this investigation to analyze how cardiovascular disease develops and advances with focus on gut microbiome effects on inflammatory markers along with its impact on lipid profile and endothelial function.
Methods: The research took place at Ayub Medical Hospital in Abbottabad from February 2024 to January 2025. This research included 100 individuals who had CVD or were without the condition. Investigations of the gut microbiome composition through 16S rRNA sequencing involved evaluating fecal samples from all research participants. Tests were performed on blood pressure measurements together with lipid profile analysis and CRP and TNF-α measurements for detecting inflammation as well as the specimens’ metabolic activity. The study used statistical methods to determine if particular microbial species correlated with cardiovascular risk elements.
Results: The research established that patients with CVD presented contrasting compositions of gut microbiota when compared with health control individuals. CVD patients showed poorly diverse microbiome communities which harbored greater amounts of inflammatory bacteria Firmicutes together with diminished quantities of Bacteroidetes species. Various microbial species linked to elevated inflammatory biomarker and dyslipidemia levels as well as impaired endothelial function were found in CVD patients.
Conclusion: The study confirmed that disrupted gut microbiome patterns play a role in cardiovascular disease development through their inflammatory and lipid disorder effects on the body. The research data indicates the gut microbiome modification function as a possible treatment strategy to control cardiovascular risks and enhance patient recovery.
Keywords: Gut microbiome, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, lipid profile, endothelial function, dysbiosis, biomarkers.